Transfection of exogenous gene: Lac Z into spinal cord of SD rats and its protein expression:an in vivo study / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a way of the gene therapy for acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) by vivo transfection of exogenous gene into spinal cord tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four rats of SD were divided into experiment group and control group (each group had 12 rats). After anaesthesia by abdominal cavity, lamina of thoracic vertebra of all rats were cut-open in prone position. Complex of plasmid and report gene-Lac Z, and plasmid without report gene-Lac Z were respectively injected into cavum subdural of SD rats of experiment group and control group by cation liposome (DOTAP) encapsulation. The rats were killed at the 2nd week after operation, spinal cord tissue of injected segments were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In experiment group, positive staining of beta-galactosidase can be clearly observed in neuron and glia cell of rat's spinal cord by immunohistochemistry detection. Lac Z mRNA in same area was also detected by RT-PCR. But, in control group, no above-mentioned positive results were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Effective transfection of exogenous gene in vivo into spinal cord is a new hot spot for treatment of SCI. Thus certain nerve growth factor imput partly area of spinal cord injury can promote central nerve regrowth and avoid early secondary injury.</p>

Effect of terbutaline on sodium transport in alveolar type I and type II cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of terbutaline on sodium transport in rat alveolar type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole cell currents were recorded from ATII cells isolated from rat lungs perfused with or without amiloride (inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel) and ZnCl(2) (inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel) in the whole cell recording mode using the patch-clamp technique. The effect of terbutaline on the currents was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main currents recorded from ATII cells were amiloride-sensitive and Zn(2+)-sensitive. The amiloride-sensitive and Zn(2+)-sensitive current shared a similar proportion (P>0.05). Both currents could be significantly increased by terbutaline (P<0.05), and the proportion of amiloride-sensitive current was 1.7 times that of Zn(2+)-sensitive current (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are functional epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels (CNG) on freshly isolated ATII cells, both serving as the main channels for sodium transport. Terbutaline increases the absorption of alveolar fluid primarily by increasing sodium transport of ENaC and CNG on ATI and AT II cells.</p>

Myoelectricity study on wearing flat bite plate under different raised distances in deep overbite therapy / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze changes of myoelectrical activity of anterior funicle of temporal muscle (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) after raising vertical distance of occlusion by flat bite plate during treatment of deep overbite in order to approach an optimal raised vertical distance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 70 persons were selected and divided into two groups: Experiment group (36 patients) with deep overbite and control group (34 persons) with individual normal occlusion. The experiment group was subdivided into three groups that were respectively raised D, D+2 mm and D+4 mm (D means free way space, mm). Electromyologram (EMG) was utilized to measure the average peak potential of TA and MM on quiescent condition before treatment and two weeks after wearing flat bite plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Before treatment, the average peak potential of experiment group was obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 2) After two weeks the potential of TA and MM of all persons in experiment group was obviously lower than before (P<0.05), the degree between the group D+2 mm and the group D+4 mm was not manifestly different, but both of the two groups were more obvious than the group D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The raised vertical distance of occlusion by flat bite plate, which exceeded free way space, was favourable to the functional recovery of masticatory muscles.</p>

Finite element analysis of inferior lumbar spine / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To establish a normal lumbar spine 3-dimensional(3D) finite element model(FEM) and discuss the biomechanics of the lumbar motions. Methods A geometrical model was constructed on the basis of a healthy adult male's lumbar CT image.The lumbar spine FEM was established by finite element analysis software.After setting the boundary and loading the burden,the lumbar spine's range of motion and stress distribution in different institutions such as anterior flexion,posterior extension,left or right bending and axial rotating were recorded. Results The lumbar spine FEM included 114 953 tetrahedron units.The results of the FEM matched the results of the in vitro experiment of biomechanics. Conclusion The lumbar spine FEM can imitate the motions of the lumbar spine.

Diagnosis and treatment of multiple nerve entrapment in the brachial plexus / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of multiple nerve entrapment in the brachial plexus and around anterior and middle scalene muscles in 179 cases.Methods From July 2003 to January 2006,179 outpatients in our department were diagnosed as thoracic outlet syndrome(TOS)with a variety of symptoms of the nerve entrapment in the brachial plexus and around anterior and middle scalene muscles.They were treated with drugs,local block injections,or operations,depending on their severity of the condition. Results Of the 128 cases who were followed up for one to 29 months,the symptoms were significantly relieved with drugs and massage in 55 cases,with local block injection in 58 cases of whom 24 received the second in- jection,with operation in 15 cases of whom 10 returned to work.One of the operated cases reported symptoms of injury to the long thoracic nerve which responded to further therapy.The visual analogue scale(VAS)evaluations after the first injection were one point in two cases,two points in 16 cases,three points in 20 cases,four points in 12 cases,five points in three cases,six points in three cases,and seven points in two cases.The VAS scores after the second injection were two points in five cases,three points in 16 cases,and four points in three cases. Conclusions The entrapment of the anterior anti middle scalene muscles can affect many nerves around the muscles,and cause clinical symptoms other than the TOS ones.The conservative treatment,such as drug,massage, and local block injection,can work well.When the non-operative methods do not work,operation can be consid- ered.

The contralateral C_7 transfer via prespinal route to repair the brachial plexus avulsion:A preliminary study on its clinical effect / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate a shorter and safer route for contralateral C_7 nerve root transfer. Methods Eight male patients were treated from Dec2005 to Nov.2006Their range of age was from 22 to 43 years with an average of 30 yearsFive cases had total brachial plexus avulsion.The operative delay was from 2 to 6 months(mean:4 months).The sealenus anterior muscle was transected before a prespinaJ & ret- ropharyngeal tunnel was madeThe contralateral C_7 nerve root was used to repair the upper trunk or the infra- clavicular lateral cord and posterior cord of injured side via this routeusing direct anastomosis or nerve graft- ing.Results The length of the harvested contralateral C_7 nerve root was(4.67?0.52em in the early 5 casesThe nerve graft was6.25?0.35)em long for repairing supraclavicular brachial plexus and(8.56?0.45cm long for repairing infraclavicular brachial plexusThe length of the harvested contralateral C_7 nerve root averaged 6.85cm in the other 3 cases2 of which had direct anastomosis to the residual nerve C_5 and C_6 nerve roots and the other used nerve graft of 3 cm in lengthTransient contralateral sensory symptoms were re- ported in most patientsAt 3 months followups6 patients had tingling sensation on the contralateral fingers with percussion on the injured cervical areaIpsilateral SSEP could be recorded by stimulating at 2 cm above sternoclavicular joint on the injured sideAt 7 months follow ups of 5 patientsCMAP could be recorded in bi- cepsdeltoids and infraspinatus or triceps with stimulation at Erb's pointHoweverno clinical movements was noticedAt 12 months follow ups of 3 patientswe could observe early motor and sensory function recovery of those patients to different extent.Conclusion Transection of anterior scalenus muscle shortens the length of the transfer route and allows more efficient neurotizationThe procedure is convenient and safeprovided certain precautions being usedThe principal of contralateral C_7 nerve transfer are reconstruct the anterior divi- sions of upper trunkposterior divisions of upper trunk and suprascapular nerve when repairing the supraclavic- ula brachial plexusReconstruct the lateral cord and posterior cord when repairing the infraclavicula brachial plexusPostsurgical fasting for 4 days included foods and liquids will benefit of healing of anastomosed nerves and regenerationaud avoid complications.